Ilaksh: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language

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Home 4 Case Morphology 9 Syntax
Introduction 5 Verb Morphology 10 Lexico-Semantics
1 Phonology 6 More Verb Morphology 11 The Writing System
2 Morpho-Phonology 7 Suffixes 12 The Number System
3 Basic Morphology 8 Adjuncts The Lexicon
     


Chapter 7: Suffixes

    7.1 Suffix-Types   7.3 The Five Suffix Classes  
    7.2 Multiple Suffixation   7.4 List of Suffixes  

All Ilaksh formatives are capable of taking various consonant-based suffixes. Like suffixes in other languages, these are used to modify the stem in a variety of ways and to derive new concepts. The morpho-phonological structure of suffixes (how they are formed from consonants and vowels) has already been briefly discussed in Section 2.7. This chapter will describe the actual function of the particular suffixes themselves.

There are 154 different consonantal suffix categories, each of which divides into the nine degrees previously discussed in Section 2.7.2 giving a total of 1314 distinct suffixes. As described in that section, each degree of a suffix has a distinct meaning, often representing a point along a continuum in terms of how much or how little the underlying semantic sense of the suffix category is being manifested by the particular formative.

It is important to remember that, since all morpho-semantic stems are both nominal and verbal in meaning, all suffixes to a stem have both a nominal and a verbal meaning. Therefore, the choice whether to translate the suffixes below into their nominal or verbal meaning is entirely dependent on the morpho-syntactical structure of the word within the context of its use in a phrase or sentence as a whole.

We have seen in Section 2.7 that consonantal suffixes fall into three suffix-types, each having nine degrees. It is the combination of suffix-type and degree which determines the vowel infix which accompanies each consonantal suffix. For example, the suffix -nt of Type 1 takes the following forms for its nine degrees: -int, -ent, -änt, -önt, (a)nt, -ünt, -ïnt, -ont, -unt. Compare this to the same suffix -nt of Type 2, whose nine forms are: -ënt, -iont, -ient, -uent, -iant, -uënt, -iënt, -oant, -uant; and the suffix -nt of Type 3, whose nine forms are: -iunt, -eint, -aunt, -eunt, -aint, -ount, -ëint, -oint, -uint. These vowel infixes for suffixes are shown in Table 22 below (this table already appeared in Chapter 2 as Table 9; it is repeated here for convenience).

Table 22: Vocalic Infixes for Consonantal Suffixes by Suffix Type

 
Suffix Type 1: -V1C
Suffix Type 2: -V2C
Suffix Type 3: -V3C
Degree 1
-iC
-ëC
-iuC
Degree 2
-eC
-ëuC /-ioC
-eiC
Degree 3
-äC
-ieC
-auC /-eaC
Degree 4
-öC
-ueC
-euC
Degree 5
-(a)C
-iaC
-aiC
Degree 6
-üC
-uëC
-uoC
Degree 7
-ïC
-iëC
-ëiC
Degree 8
-oC
-oaC
-oiC
Degree 9
-uC
-uaC / -uiC
-ouC

NOTE: For convenience’ sake, when referring to a particular suffix of specific type and degree, we will use the notation in the paragraph above, followed by a slash and a number indicating the degree. Thus, the suffix -nt of Type 1 and 4th degree will be written -V1nt/4, while the suffix -r of Type 3 and 8th degree would be written -V3r/8, and so forth.

TO THOSE FAMILIAR WITH ITHKUIL

As part of the redesigned morpho-phonology, Ilaksh circumstantial/derivational suffixes cannot optionally appear as prefixes as in Ithkuil. Also, the optional “reversed” form of suffixes found in Ithkuil does not exist in Ilaksh. Other than these distinctions, these suffixes operate the same in Ilaksh as in Ithkuil.

 

7.1 SUFFIX-TYPES

The meaning and usage of each suffix by type is particular to each individual suffix. For example, some suffixes of Type 1 have a completely different meaning than their Type 2 or Type 3 counterparts, while other suffixes can be used as both Type 1 or Type 2 with the suffix having the same meaning but conveying a different effect on the overall connotation of the word to which they are suffixed. Still other suffixes retain their meaning across all three suffix types but again convey a different overall connotation on the words to which they are suffixed.

For example, the Type 1 suffix -eŧ, i.e., -V1ŧ/2, means ‘hardly any (of)…’ as in the word kàleŧ ‘hardly any persons,’ while its Type 2 counterpart -ioŧ, i.e., -V2ŧ/2, has the completely different meaning of ‘somewhat like/sort of like…’ as in kalìoŧ‘sort of like some persons.’ Compare this, however, to the Type 1 suffix -up, i.e., -V1p/9, and its Type 2 counterpart -uip , i.e., -V2p/9, which both mean ‘exactly similar to…/identical…,’ the difference in usage being that the Type 1 suffix conveys merely a circumstantial or incidental similarity, while the Type 2 suffix implies that the similarity is an integral aspect of the word. In English, such a distinction would most likely be conveyed by using a different word. For example, note the difference when we add these two suffixes to the Ilaksh word kàl ‘person’: kàlup means ‘identical-looking person,’ whereas kàluip means ‘twin.’ In this way, we can say that the suffix -Vp with Type 1 vocalic infixes conveys a circumstantial application of its meaning to a stem, while with Type 2 vocalic infixes, it conveys a derivational application of its meaning (i.e., wholly new concepts or words are derived from the stem).

 

7.2 MULTIPLE SUFFIXATION

Ilaksh allows for a formative to take multiple Vx-C suffixes. The rules for ordering these suffixes and the special instance of one suffix modifying another are explained below.


7.21 Ordering of Suffixes and Suffixes Modifying Other Suffixes

When adding two or more suffixes to a stem, the suffixes generally can be added to the stem in any order desired, with the exception of suffixes which modify an adjacent suffix. The latter type of suffix is described as follows.

In addition to the patterns of suffix usage described in Section 7.1 above, there is another class of suffixes which not only can be used to distinguish a circumstantial versus derivational aspect like -Vp above, but can also be used to modify an adjacent suffix rather than the stem. This is somewhat analogous to the way that adverbs can be used to modify descriptive adjectives in English. For example, in the phrase suddenly blue sky, it is the blueness that is sudden, not the sky. In Ilaksh, certain suffixes can be used to modify another suffix (usually the one following, unless there are only two suffixes on the stem, in which case the suffix order is irrelevant); this is done by using Type 3 vocalic infixes. For example, the suffix -Vd/5, which means ‘enough / sufficient(ly),’ can be used both circumstantially (using Type 1 infixes) and derivationally (using Type 2 infixes) to modify a stem, or can be used to modify only the adjacent suffix (using Type 3 infixes). Such suffixes must immediately precede the suffix they are modifying, unless they are in word-final position, in which case they modify the immediately preceding suffix. This is illustrated below:

kàlad: ‘a sufficient person’ (i.e., one able to perform the task at hand)
kàliad: ‘a recruit’ (i.e., one able to meet performance or entry requirements)
kalàidüx: ‘a sufficiently large person’ (where suffix -V1x/6 = ‘large’)

 

NOTE TO THOSE FAMILIAR WITH ITHKUIL

Ithkuil allows for a specialized class of personal reference suffixes of Type 3 which are essentially shortcuts for single-referent personal reference adjuncts in certain noun cases (see Section 8.1 for an explanation of personal reference adjuncts). Such shortcut suffixes do not exist in Ilaksh, the equivalent being to utilize the full personal-reference adjunct.



7.3 THE FIVE SUFFIX CLASSES

All in all, there are five different patterns in which the meanings/functions of suffixes are distributed. There are those like -ej and -êj above where the Type 1 meaning/function is completely different than that of Type 2. We will label these classes of suffixes V1C suffixes and V2C suffixes respectively, as they represent two totally independent suffixes.

Additionally there are those like -up and -uip which are essentially a single suffix with one meaning/function that alternates between Type 1 and Type 2 infixes to distinguish a circumstantial versus a derivational aspect in the stem to which they are suffixed. We will label such suffixes V0C suffixes.

Then there are suffixes like -(a)d/-iad/-aid shown above which alternate the circumstantial/derivational distinction using Type 1 versus Type 2 infixes, but then go a step further by using Type 3 vocalic infixes to indicate modification of an adjacent suffix; we will label these V3C suffixes.

Lastly there is a class of suffixes labeled VSC suffixes; this class of suffix operates like a V1C suffix (i.e., an independent suffix which modifies the stem circumstantially, but not derivationally) but then also uses Type 2 infixes to apply the same meaning to the adjacent suffix, similarly to the use of Type 3 infixes for V3C suffixes.

These five classes of suffixes are summarized below:

V1C
Takes Type 1 vocalic infixes only. Can be either circumstantial or derivational in meaning (but not both), depending on the particular suffix.
V2C
Takes Type 2 vocalic infixes only. Can be either circumstantial or derivational in meaning (but not both), depending on the particular suffix.
V0C
Takes both Type 1 and Type 2 vocalic infixes. Use of Type 1 infix means suffix applies circumstantially to the particular instance of the stem; use of Type 2 infix means the suffix is derivational and generates an emergent concept for the stem constituting a new semantic whole.
VSC
Takes both Type 1 and Type 2 vocalic infixes, but use is circumstantial only, not derivational. Use of Type 1 infix means suffix aplies the stem; use of Type 2 infix means the suffix applies to the adjacent suffix only.
V3C
Same as V0C suffixes where Type 1 infix operates circumstantially and Type 2 infix operates derivationally; but also takes Type 3 vocalic infixes which function to modify an adjacent suffix (as with VSC suffixes when using Type 2 infixes)



7.4 LIST OF SUFFIXES

The 154 suffix categories are given in the sections which follow. Each suffix indicates which of the five classes of suffixes it belongs (V1C, V2C, V0C, VSC, or V3C), the consonant-form associated with it, its overall function, its three-letter label used in morphological analysis, and the meaning or translation of each of its nine degrees. For most degrees, a nominal and verbal meaning is given.


7.4.1 Demonstrative Suffixes

These suffixes correspond to various determiners and modifying adjectives in English having to do with denoting or identifying a noun within a larger context or discourse.

-V1kt
DEF
Degree Of Definiteness
Degree 1 any (number of) [random selection - NOT quantitative/partitive “any”]; in any manner
Degree 2 almost any; in almost any (number of) way(s)
Degree 3 some X or other; in some way or other
Degree 4 some certain X ; in some certain way [identity unknown]
Degree 5 this X or that; a certain X or more; in this way or that [identity almost known – choices limited]
Degree 6 a certain / a particular; in a certain or particular way [identity ascertainable]
Degree 7 presumably this/that; apparently this X ; in that way presumably [tentatively identified]
Degree 8 this/that/said; in said manner/(in) that way [identity known]
Degree 9 at hand/under discussion/this one now/instant; in this manner [identity = present context]

 

-V2kt
DSR
Degree Of Discretion
Degree 1 announced/advertised/heralded; w/ public disclosure
Degree 2 open & well-known; with full public knowledge
Degree 3 open/public; for all to see/publicly/openly
Degree 4 shown, open, or available by request/ by request
Degree 5 semi-public(ly), exclusive(ly)
Degree 6 own/personal; personally
Degree 7 own private; privately
Degree 8 secret; secretly
Degree 9 confidential/classified

 

-V1ŧ
INL
Degree Of Inclusion
Degree 1 not a(ny), not one, no X whatsoever, none of X; in no such manner
Degree 2 hardly any, barely any X; in hardly any such manner
Degree 3 some few/a few certain … ; in a few certain ways
Degree 4 some (of)/certain . . .; in certain ways
Degree 5 several / more than a few / various / in various ways / in several different ways
Degree 6 a significant portion of/a fair number of; in a fair number of ways
Degree 7 most/in most ways
Degree 8 almost every; in almost every way
Degree 9 each/every; in each way

 

-V2ŧ
EXT
Exactness of Identity / Identity As a Referent Or Standard
Degree 1 nothing like that X; nothing like that ; in no way similar
Degree 2 somewhat like that X; somewhat so
Degree 3 nearly or almost that X; nearly or almost so
Degree 4 just about . . . / for all intents and purposes
Degree 5 kind of / type of / this sort of; typically
Degree 6 such (a); in such a manner
Degree 7 clear (case of); clearly / certainly / indeed[in negative sentences = no way / at all]
Degree 8 just like that; just so, thus(ly)
Degree 9 the exact X / the very (one); exactly thus / exactly so

 

-V0ņs
FAM
Degree Of Familiarity
Degree 1 unknowable / alien; unable to even try X-ing
Degree 2 totally unfamiliar; totally unaccustomed to X-ing
Degree 3 unfamiliar; unaccustomed to X-ing
Degree 4 somewhat unfamiliar; somewhat unaccustomed to X-ing
Degree 5 only just (recently) familiar; only just recently familiar to X-ing
Degree 6 somewhat familiar; somewhat accustomed to X-ing
Degree 7 familiar/known; accustomed to X-ing
Degree 8 well-known / utterly familiar with / ingrained; inherently accustomed or used to X-ing
Degree 9 intimate with; intimately involved with / intimately accustomed to

 

-V0p
SIM
Degree Of Similarity
Degree 1 opposite; as different as possible / at the other extreme
Degree 2 completely different/dissimilar; in a totally different or dissimilar way
Degree 3 rather different / barely similar / almost completely different or dissimilar; in an almost completely different way
Degree 4 other [=different]; in another [=different] way
Degree 5 somewhat different, only superficially similar; somewhat differently
Degree 6 similar in the ways that count/similar down deep, some sort of X; similarly at deep level
Degree 7 (somewhat) similar, only superficially different, sort of like, something like, X-like; similarly
Degree 8 very similar; very similarly
Degree 9 [exactly the] same, indistinguishable from; in the [exactly] same way

 

7.4.2 Deictic Suffixes

Deictic suffixes refer to the grammatical process of deixis, the act of pointing to or pointing out. The suffixes correspond to the different variants of the concepts of ‘here’ and ‘there.’ In Ilaksh, distinctions are made in these suffixes as to whether a referent is near the speaker, near the listener, distant from both, whether it is observable or accessible, and in some case, whether it is alienable or inalienable (i.e., whether the entity can be separated from the associated person).

-V1rf
DEX
Deixis Categories
Degree 1 yonder / way over there somewhere / a long way away (not near anyone) [inaccessible or unobservable]
Degree 2 over there somewhere (by third party) [inaccessible or observable]
Degree 3 there somewhere (by listener) [inaccessible or observable]
Degree 4 here somewhere (by speaker] [inaccessible or observable]
Degree 5 here (by speaker and accessible]
Degree 6 here with us (by speaker and listener and accessible]
Degree 7 there [by listener and accessible]
Degree 8 there (by third party, but accessible to speaker and listener)
Degree 9 yonder / way over there [not near any party but accessible]

 

-V2rf
DXX
More Deixis Categories
Degree 1 spread out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [inaccessible]
Degree 2 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around listener [inaccessible]
Degree 3 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over the place / here and there [inaccessible]
Degree 4 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker / all over / here & there [observable but inaccessible]
Degree 5 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker [inalienable]
Degree 6 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all throughout speaker / enveloping speaker [alienable]
Degree 7 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all about speaker/all over the place / here and there [accessible]
Degree 8 spread out/ everywhere / scattered all about listener / all over the place around listener [accessible]
Degree 9 spread out/ everywhere / scattered yonder / all over out there [accessible]

 

7.4.3 Sequential Suffixes

-V1nn
SEQ
Numerical Sequence
Degree 1 first / initial; first(ly) / first of all
Degree 2 second; secondly
Degree 3 third; thirdly
Degree 4 still near the beginning / not yet halfway
Degree 5 the middle one, in between (sequentially)/ just about halfway there
Degree 6 nearing the end
Degree 7 third from last; antepenultimately
Degree 8 next to last; penultimately
Degree 9 last / final; last(ly) / finally (in terms of sequence)

 

-V2nn
SQT
Sequence Relative to Present Context
Degree 1 immediately beforehand / first
Degree 2 one before preceding
Degree 3 the former; primarily
Degree 4 two before preceding
Degree 5 current/at hand; now/currently / at the moment [in sequence of events]
Degree 6 second one after next
Degree 7 the latter; secondarily
Degree 8 one after next
Degree 9 next / following; then / next

 

-V0
SQC
Sequence of Cause and Effect
Degree 1 originating; originally / in the first place / initially / at the outset
Degree 2 preliminary; preliminarily
Degree 3 preparatory / in preparation for / getting ready to
Degree 4 awaited; waiting to/ waiting for [focus on imminency or sequential position, NOT on anticipation]
Degree 5 precursor to; but just beforehand
Degree 6 based on the preceding and setting the stage for what follows
Degree 7 eventual / at last; at last / finally (result)
Degree 8 following /...which follows; then subsequent to that / following that...
Degree 9 subsequent / consequent; then / so / thus / therefore

 

7.4.4 Coordinative Suffixes

-V1w
or -V1
COO
Adjunctive Coordination
Degree 1 in conjunction with / combined with / including X
Degree 2 and / also / additionally/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more
Degree 3 . . . and so forth / and so on / and all that/ and whatever else
Degree 4 and at the same time / and simultaneously
Degree 5 and [all in a series]
Degree 6 or [potentially inclusive] = and/or
Degree 7 either . . . or [exclusive or] / or else
Degree 8 . . . or something else / or whatever / or whatever else
Degree 9 either . . . or [exclusive or in a series]

 

-V1rr
CTR
Contrastive Coordination
Degree 1 still / nevertheless / however — (despite seemingly inherent conflict or contradiction)
Degree 2 besides / not just . . . but also / in addition to X… also
Degree 3 even / or even / … still [e.g., thicker still]
Degree 4 or [= otherwise]
Degree 5 as opposed to / but not
Degree 6 but [qualifying]
Degree 7 however / on the other hand — (simple difference in expected outcome, no inherent conflict)
Degree 8 but (rather) [= substitute]
Degree 9 just in case / should the need arise

 

-V2rr
DST
Distributive Coordination
Degree 1 applying to each equally [unfairly]
Degree 2 applied selectively by decision/preference [unfairly]
Degree 3 respectively (=to each) but in differing amounts [unfairly]
Degree 4 selectively at random [unfairly]
Degree 5 respectively [= applied in the sequentially spoken order]
Degree 6 selectively at random [fairly]
Degree 7 respectively (=to each) but in differing amounts [fairly]
Degree 8 applied selectively by decision/calculation [fairly]
Degree 9 applying to each equally [fairly]

7.4.5 Temporal Suffixes

-V0
TPI
Impact or Duration Over Time
Degree 1 immediate / at this instant / for this moment; momentary
Degree 2 temporary / for right now / for the moment; temporarily / in the meantime [duration of context. recent]
Degree 3 short term/for now; in the short term/for now/ / for the immediate future [hours to days]
Degree 4 for the meantime / for the meanwhile [days to weeks to months]
Degree 5 for a while / for some time to come [months to several years]
Degree 6 for the foreseeable future [years to decades]
Degree 7 long term/in the long run; over the course of time [over the course of a lifetime, decades to centuries]
Degree 8 through the ages / over the course of the ages [centuries to millenia]; permanent
Degree 9 ever-present / eternal / constant / incessant / neverending; from now on / eternally / all the time / for all time

 

-V0ll
FRQ
Degree Of Frequency
Degree 1 never
Degree 2 rare / hardly ever / once in a great while; rarely / almost unheard of
Degree 3 infrequent; seldom / infrequently
Degree 4 now and then / from time to time / off and on / every so often / now and again occasionally / sometimes
Degree 5 frequent; frequently / often
Degree 6 usual; usually / customarily / generally
Degree 7 almost always / rarely fail to / routinely
Degree 8 ever-faithful / unwavering; always / every time / without fail / like clockwork / never fail to
Degree 9 constant / continuous; constantly / continuously / all the time

 

-V1z
TPR
Temporal Placement/Reaction/Viewpoint
Degree 1 wistfully looking back / in the (good) old days [with longing]
Degree 2 in hindsight / looking back
Degree 3 upon further consideration/upon reflection
Degree 4 initial; at first/initially / at first blush / at first glance
Degree 5 now that the moment has come / now that the time is here / now that the deed or event is at hand
Degree 6 any moment now; on the verge of; just about to
Degree 7 imminent(ly) ; very soon
Degree 8 soon [w/ anticipation]
Degree 9 someday. . . / one day [with longing]

 

-V0
TPP
Temporal Position Relative to Present
Degree 1 in the remote past, once upon a time
Degree 2 past/former/previous; once [e.g., I was young once], a long time ago
Degree 3 recent; recently
Degree 4 . . . just past / just (happened)
Degree 5 present/current/present day; now / at present / presently / currently
Degree 6 imminent; just about to / about to / on the verge of
Degree 7 forthcoming / soon to arrive; soon
Degree 8 future / -- to be / --to come / eventual(ly); someday...
Degree 9 in the remote future / far in the future / long after we’re gone

-V0
ATC
Degree Of Anticipation
Degree 1 long-awaited / long looked for
Degree 2 eagerly awaited; can’t wait for / dying to
Degree 3 anticipated / awaited; in anticipation of / look forward to
Degree 4 up for / up to
Degree 5 await / wait to / wait for / waiting to
Degree 6 ambivalent about ; could take or leave it
Degree 7 not looking forward to
Degree 8 dreaded; dread X-ing
Degree 9 long-dreaded; dread the day when

 

-V2z
LAT
Degree Of Lateness/Earliness
Degree 1 way too early / way too soon
Degree 2 too early / too soon
Degree 3 a little early / a bit soon
Degree 4 almost late / not a moment too soon
Degree 5 just in time / sharp / on the dot
Degree 6 a little late
Degree 7 late
Degree 8 too late
Degree 9 way too late

-V3nt
ITN
Degree Of Iteration
Degree 1 just once / once only
Degree 2 again / once more / one more time / re-
Degree 3 again and again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on habit, not periodicity]
Degree 4 again and again / keep X-ing over and over [focus on periodicity, not habit]
Degree 5 irregular, unpredictable ; at irregular or unpredictable intervals
Degree 6 [cyclic] return of... / ...once again; return to / …back again [e.g., summer’s back]
Degree 7 intermittent; intermittently / at regular intervals
Degree 8 repetitive / repeating; repeatedly
Degree 9 constantly cycling or repeating / continuously or perpetually repeating / constant, eternal, perpetual repetition of

 

-V0ň
RPN
Pattern of Spatio-Temporal Repetition or Distribution of Set Members
Degree 1 slow-paced repetition at regular intervals
Degree 2 slow-paced repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 3 slow-paced repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 4 mid-paced repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 5 mid-paced repetition at regular intervals
Degree 6 mid-paced repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 7 fast-paced repetition at mixed intervals
Degree 8 fast-paced repetition at irregular intervals
Degree 9 fast-paced repetition at regular intervals

 

7.4.6 Quantifying Suffixes

-VSlz
DGR
Exactness of Degree
Degree 1 unknowable degree or amount of
Degree 2 unknown degree or amount of
Degree 3 almost impossible to determine degree of
Degree 4 nowhere near the desired degree of
Degree 5 hard to pinpoint / hard to determine / difficult to determine
Degree 6 fluctuating, ever-changing (amount of); to changing/fluctuating degree or extent of
Degree 7 vaguely around / vaguely in the range of / somewhere around / loosely in the vicinity of
Degree 8 approximate(ly) / somewhere around / just about; or something like that / …or so
Degree 9 exact/specific; exactly / specifically / on the dot / sharp / to the letter

 

-V1ss
PTW
Contiguous Portion of the Whole
Degree 1 no amount of / none (of)
Degree 2 a very few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit
Degree 3 few / a little / a bit; a little / a bit
Degree 4 some, any [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent
Degree 5 a fair number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent
Degree 6 much / many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite; a lot / very much / to a large extent
Degree 7 a whole lot of / a verly large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible amount / so much…; so
Degree 8 most of / mostly
Degree 9 every / all (of)/whole; entirely/in its entirety

 

-V2ss
PTT
Non-Contiguous (i.e., Intermixed) Portion of the Whole
Degree 1 no amount of / none (of)
Degree 2 a very few / a tiny amount of / a tiny number of; only a tiny bit / a tiny bit
Degree 3 few/a little / a bit; a little / a bit
Degree 4 some, any [= some of] / some of or any of the / a portion; partially / to some extent
Degree 5 a fair number of / a fair amount of / pretty (+adj.) / fairly (+adj.) / rather / somewhat; more or less / to a fair extent
Degree 6 much / many / (such) a lot of / very / quite (a); quite /; a lot / very much / to a large extent
Degree 7 a whole lot of / a very large amount or number of / immensely, in an incredible amount / so much…; so
Degree 8 most of / mostly
Degree 9 every / all (of) / whole; entirely / in its entirety

-Vomt
CNM
Type of Container/Packaging/Conveyance/Holder
Degree 1 jar/pot of X [storage + containment]
Degree 2 dispensor-type container/package, e.g., tube, barrel, bottle for multiple use
Degree 3 can/tin/bottle/sealed pouch [= storage + packaging + protection/preservation]
Degree 4 carton/box/basket [= temporary containment]
Degree 5 natural or generic mass containment/packaging/holder (e.g., a loaf of bread, a lump of clay)
Degree 6 satchel, pack of [= for personal conveyance/moving]
Degree 7 pile of, load of [= in context of conveyance/moving or bulk storage]
Degree 8 X-ful of [+ Partitive], e.g., a roomful of clowns, a skyful of clouds, a treeful of leaves, a spoonful
Degree 9 embodiment/manifestation of abstract essence, e.g., a life form [= an embodiment of life]

 

-V3d
SUF
Degree Of Sufficiency
Degree 1 none at all; not…at all
Degree 2 way too little / woefully insufficient / way too few; not...anywhere enough / totally under-[+verb]
Degree 3 not enough / insufficient / too few; not...enough / insufficiently / under-[+verb]
Degree 4 not quite enough / slightly insufficient; not...quite enough / a bit insufficiently / slightly under-[+verb]
Degree 5 enough (of) / sufficient; enough / sufficiently
Degree 6 a little too / a little too much; a little too much / slightly over- [+verb]
Degree 7 too / toomuch; too much / too many / over- [+verb]
Degree 8 way too / way too much; way too much / totally over- [+verb]
Degree 9 inundated with; to the exclusion of all else / to the point that X overwhelms or takes over

 

-V3b
EXN
Degree or Extent
Degree 1 none (at all); to no extent at all
Degree 2 tiniest part of / a bit of; to smallest extent / hardly / barely
Degree 3 only a part of / only some of; to some extent / partially / partly / somewhat
Degree 4 less than usual / below normal; less so than usual/ to a lesser degree or extent than usual
Degree 5 the normal, expected or usual amount (of)
Degree 6 more than usual / above normal; more so than usual; to a greater degree or extent than normal
Degree 7 way more than usual / way above normal or expected; to a much greater degree or extent than normal
Degree 8 almost as much as possible / near(ly) maximum
Degree 9 total, -ful; to greatest extent / maximum / maximal; maximally / at full capacity, e.g., She bought out the store.

-VSy/rg
EXD
Dynamically Changing Degree or Extent
Degree 1 less and less / fewer and fewer / ongoing decrease in; decreasingly
Degree 2 a lot fewer / a lot less (of); a lot less
Degree 3 fewer / less (of); less
Degree 4 a little less (of) / a bit less (of); a little less / a bit less
Degree 5 a fluctuating amount or degree of; to a fluctuating degree or extent
Degree 6 a little more (of) / a bit more (of); a little more / a bit more
Degree 7 more (of); more
Degree 8 a lot more (of); a lot more
Degree 9 more and more / continuing increase in / increasingly more / ever-increasing

This suffix is used with all vector-like or gradient concepts. When used with the COMPLETIVE version, degrees 1 and 9 imply attainment of a change in state, e.g., sleepiness → sleep.


7.4.7 Modulative Suffixes

-Vons
RCO
Recoil in place (spring back; snap back; fall back into place)
-Vonž
TFI
Back & forth; to & fro in place (e.g., pendulum, wagging tail)
-Vo
TFV
Back & forth over linear vector (e.g., snake-like; zig-zag)
-Vonz
CRI
Cycle or circular motion in place (spin, revolve)
-Vo
CRV
Cycle or circular motion over linear vector (e.g., train wheels, bike wheels)
-Voňň
MDL
Random pattern of modulation (unpredictable/irregular movement pattern)

These suffixes operate in conjunction with Phase (see Sec. 5.3) to describe contexts involving recoil, spring motion, oscillative, cyclic, reflective or vibrative motion, using the following degrees:

Degree 1 not enough
Degree 2 hardly at all
Degree 3 to a small degree
Degree 4 to a less than normal degree
Degree 5 to the normal / standard / usual degree
Degree 6 to a greater than normal degree
Degree 7 to a large degree
Degree 8 to a very large degree
Degree 9 too much / overly

-V3g
FLC
Degree of Fluctuation/Stability
Degree 1 inherently and consistently unstable and random to a high degree
Degree 2 highly variable/random fluctuation or instability
Degree 3 moderately variable/random fluctuation or instability
Degree 4 increasing fluctuation or destabilization in pattern
Degree 5 tending toward fluctuations and periods of instability
Degree 6 decreasing fluctuation or instability in pattern = increasing stability
Degree 7 moderately stable and lacking in fluctuations
Degree 8 complete lack of fluctuation or instability; highly stable
Degree 9 inherently and consistently stable


-VSf
ICR
Increase
-VSft DCR Decrease
-VSht ICD Increase then Decrease
-VSkf DCI Decrease then Increase
-VSty IDR Random/Varying Increases and Decreases 

Used with the following degrees, the above five suffixes operate to expand Phase into showing increases or decreases (or wavering) of intensity of an action during its duration.

Degree 1 so slowly as to seem immovable
Degree 2 very slowly
Degree 3 slowly
Degree 4 somewhat slower than normal
Degree 5 normal/usual/standard speed
Degree 6 somewhat faster than normal
Degree 7 fast/quickly
Degree 8 very rapidly
Degree 9 so rapidly as to be unable to follow

 

-V0fs
MVT
Degree of Stillness/Movement
Degree 1 unmovable – integrated
Degree 2 unmovable due to mass
Degree 3 not easily moved
Degree 4 inclined to stillness
Degree 5 holding still
Degree 6 moving around slightly, stirring
Degree 7 moving around in one place
Degree 8 moving around, agitated
Degree 9 highly agitated, unable to keep still




7.4.8 Qualifying Suffixes

-V0x
SIZ
Degree of Size
Degree 1 too small
Degree 2 very small/ very little/ miniscule/ tiny/ itty-bitty;in a very small manner; barely/hardly
Degree 3 small/little
Degree 4 a little on the small size / undersized / petite
Degree 5 a little on the large size / oversized / jumbo
Degree 6 big/large; in a large manner
Degree 7 very big/very large; in a very large manner
Degree 8 enormous(ly) / huge(ly) / humoungous(ly) / gigantic(ally)
Degree 9 too big / too large / too huge; in too large a manner

-V0xw/vz
SCO
Dynamic Change of Size
Degree 1 smallest single manifestation of / particle of
Degree 2 runaway shrinkage of / rapid disappearance or diminishment of
Degree 3 solitary / only / sole / lone / unaccompanied; alone / by -self / on his own / unaccompanied / solely
Degree 4 decreasing / de-escalating / shrinking
Degree 5 compact/concentrated; in efficient or compact way [e.g., canyon → gorge]
Degree 6 expanded/enhanced; in expanded or enhanced way [e.g., canyon → rift valley]
Degree 7 growing, increasing, escalating
Degree 8 runaway / runaway growth, increase or expansion of
Degree 9 synergistic expansion e.g., hit (+ RCP valence) → fight

 

-V0h
AFT
Degree of Affect
Degree 1 cute/darling / in a cute or darling manner
Degree 2 too cute / schmaltzy / in a maudlin way
Degree 3 kitschy / quaint(ly)
Degree 4 dear, endearing(ly)
Degree 5 lovely / elegant
Degree 6 esteemed
Degree 7 imperious / royal / most high / most excellent / revered
Degree 8 too grand / too imperious
Degree 9 great / grand; in a great / grand / grandiose manner

-V0č
QUA
Degree of Quality, Effectiveness or Adequacy
Degree 1 too poor(ly); too badly
Degree 2 very bad(ly) / very poor(ly) / very inadequate(ly) / intolerable / intolerably / terrible / terribly
Degree 3 bad / poor / inadequate; badly / poorly / inadequately / wanting / lacking
Degree 4 not-so-good / could be better; somewhat poor(ly) or bad(ly) / somewhat wanting or lacking / below average
Degree 5 not-so-bad / average; could be worse; so-so / somewhat well / OK, I guess / adequate(ly) / acceptably
Degree 6 good/effective; well/effectively/ more than adequate / above-average
Degree 7 very good / very effective(ly) / very well
Degree 8 excellent(ly) / superb(ly) / outstanding(ly)
Degree 9 astounding(ly) / amazing(ly) great or well / unbelievably excellent / absolutely superb(ly) / unsurpassable(ly)

 

-V0c
UNQ
Degree of Specialness or Uniqueness
Degree 1 vulgar, trashy, too cheap / in a vulgar or trashy manner
Degree 2 cheap, tasteless, gaudy, gauche / in a cheap, gaudy, gauche or tasteless manner
Degree 3 run of the mill / unexceptional / average / commonplace / ordinary; in a commonplace or unexceptional manner
Degree 4 somewhat ordinary / somewhat common(place)
Degree 5 somewhat special / somewhat out of the ordinary / interesting(ly) / intriguing(ly) / eye-catching / appealing(ly)
Degree 6 special; epecially
Degree 7 extraordinary / highly unusual; extraordinarily
Degree 8 (one and) only/unique; in the only way / uniquely / unparallelled
Degree 9 marvelous / wonderful / wondrous / awesome / awe-inspiring

 

-V0tf
CNQ
Degree of Consequentiality, Finality or Irrevocability
Degree 1 inconsequential/sham/having no effect; like it didn’t even happen/with no effect
Degree 2 relatively inconsequential / having little effect / easily reversible or undone / to little effect / minor / to minor degree
Degree 3 somewhat inconsequential/having only some effect/reparable/reversible/to some effect / somewhat minor
Degree 4 not so minor / somwhat significant degree / reversible with effort / having a somewhat significant impact or effect
Degree 5 consequential / having a fair effect / reversible only with concerted effort / to good effect
Degree 6 Overall / signifcant degree of; all in all / for the most part/to great effect / on the whole
Degree 7 virtually total/near total; nearly for good/almost completely
Degree 8 utter / complete / total; altogether / completely / for good / utterly / irrevocably for all intents and purposes
Degree 9 for all time / forever / finally

 

-V0ky
NTR
Degree of Notoriety, Acceptance, Respect, Honor
Degree 1 pariah-like / ostracized; in an alienating or self-ostracizing manner
Degree 2 infamous; infamously
Degree 3 frowned-upon / disapproved ; in a manner guaranteed to arouse disapproval
Degree 4 tolerated; in a tolerated manner
Degree 5 common / customary / expected / accepted; in an common, customary, expected, or accepted manner
Degree 6 notorious(ly)
Degree 7 well-known / well-liked / well thought of; in a totally appropriate way / in a manner befitting a gentleman or lady
Degree 8 respected / honored; respectfully / honorably
Degree 9 highly praised / highly honored / highly esteemed / highly respected / most excellent / most honorable

 

-V0gy
APR
Degree of Contextual Appropriateness
Degree 1 contemptable(-ly) / utterly inappropriate(ly)
Degree 2 scandalous(ly) / trashy(-ly) / inappropriate(ly)
Degree 3 ill-mannered / boorish(ly) / improper(ly) / tasteless(ly)
Degree 4 eyebrow-raising / questionable(-ly)
Degree 5 somewhat improper(ly) / unorthodox(ically)
Degree 6 acceptable(-ly) / adequate(ly)
Degree 7 appropriate(ly) / proper(ly) / correct(ly)
Degree 8 utterly appropriate(ly), very proper(ly); strictly correct(ly)
Degree 9 stuffy / orthodox / old-fashioned; utterly predictable(ly)

 

-V0dz
HRC
Position on Social, Occupational, or (Para-) Military Hierarchy
Degree 1 bottom rung / the “dregs”
Degree 2 rank & file
Degree 3 lower echeleon
Degree 4 lower-mid
Degree 5 mid-level
Degree 6 upper mid
Degree 7 upper echeleon
Degree 8 senior
Degree 9 head / chief / top / executive

This suffix, for example, would be used to distinguish the names of the various ranks within a military or paramilitary organization such as private, corporal, sergeant, lieutenant, etc. all the way up to general and supreme commander.

 

-V0sp
FRM
Degree of Formality
Degree 1 too casual / overly casual
Degree 2 very casual
Degree 3 casual
Degree 4 somewhat casual
Degree 5 neither casual nor formal
Degree 6 somewhat formal
Degree 7 formal
Degree 8 very formal
Degree 9 too formal / overly formal

-V0j
TYP
Degree of Typicalness
Degree 1 unique / never-before-seen / one of a kind / shocking
Degree 2 original / avante-garde; surprising(ly) / innovative(ly)
Degree 3 atypical(ly) / unusual(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat atypical(ly) or unusual(ly)
Degree 5 garden variety / run-of-the-mill / typical(ly)
Degree 6 expected / common; in a commonplace manner
Degree 7 disappointingly typical; very typically
Degree 8 unoriginal / mundane; in an uninspired way
Degree 9 stereotyped / stereotypical(ly)

-V0zz
PTY
Degree of Prototypicalness
Degree 1 very dissimilar to prototype, very atypical member, closer to members of different set
Degree 2 dissimilar to prototype, atypical member
Degree 3 having noticeable dissimilarities from prototype
Degree 4 somewhat dissimilar to prototype
Degree 5 having unknown degree of closeness or similarity to prototype
Degree 6 adequately similar to prototype
Degree 7 as close to prototype as is typically found
Degree 8 as close to prototype as possible
Degree 9 prototype/archetype/model

 

-V0žž
ITG
Degree of Intelligence Manifested
Degree 1 dumb / stupid / assinine; idiotic(ally) / moronic(ally)
Degree 2 foolhearty / foolish(ly)
Degree 3 ill-conceived(ly) / (in a) poorly thought out (way)
Degree 4 naïve(ly) / simplistic(ally)
Degree 5 well-intentioned but ill-conceived / reckless(ly); risky
Degree 6 well-reasoned / intelligent(ly)
Degree 7 innovative(ly) / daring [based on analysis and judgement]
Degree 8 ingenious / brilliant
Degree 9 wise(ly); [V2c’ = ‘philosophical(ly)]

-V0šp
MDN
Degree of Age or Modernity
Degree 1 prehistoric / proto-
Degree 2 ancient
Degree 3 old (first) / archaic
Degree 4 classic(al)
Degree 5 old-fashioned; in the old-fashioned way
Degree 6 “yesteryear”; in the era just passed; in the previous zeitgeist
Degree 7 modern, contemporary, present-day
Degree 8 innovative / trailblazing; innovatively, trailblazingly, cutting-edge
Degree 9 avant-garde

 

7.4.9 Modifying Suffixes

-VSr
NA1
Negation/affirmation of all morphological components
-VSl
NA2
Negation/affirmation of stem + affixes but not adjunct information
-VSř
NA3
Negation/affirmation of all morphological components except Modality
-VSřř
NA4
Negation/affirmation of all but aspectual or Modality information

The above four suffixes are used to affirm or negate a formative. Because much of the information associated with an Ilaksh formative is carried in adjuncts, the above suffixes are used to indicate exactly which morpho-semantic information is being affirmed or negated. For example, in English the sentences I don’t want to stop eating, I want to not stop eating, and I want to stop not eating mean different things. The above four suffixes are used with the following degrees.

Degree 1 on the contrary…most cerainly does NOT/is NOT [absolute negation]; no X whatsoever; absolutely not = emphatic negation/denial
Degree 2 on the contrary…does NOT or is NOT [absolute negation contrary to expectation]
Degree 3 on the contrary…does NOT or is NOT [relative negation contrary to expectation]
Degree 4 no; not [absolute negation] = e.g., I will not win the race (because I’m not in the race)
Degree 5 no; not [relative negation] = e.g., I will not win the race (although I am in the race)
Degree 6 almost / near(ly)
Degree 7 hardly / barely
Degree 8 …does (too) / is (too) [= simple affirmation contrary to expectation]
Degree 9 …is indeed / does indeed / most certainly is / most certainly does [emphatic affirmation]


-V0rb
DEV
Degree of Development
Degree 1 reversal or undoing of process = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’
Degree 2 reversal/undoing of process in large chunks = ‘un-’ / ‘de-’ / ‘dis-’
Degree 3 reversal little by little / a little at a time = entropic change in / slowly falling apart / unravelling
Degree 4 moribund / stagnant; in a moribund or stagnant manner
Degree 5 well-maintained / well-kept / “healthy”; keep X going / maintain X-ing
Degree 6 one by one / one at a time / one after another
Degree 7 little by little / a little at a time / bit by bit / a piece at a time
Degree 8 by leaps and bounds / in large amounts at a time
Degree 9 complete achievement now irreversible / set in stone

 

-V3pt
REA
Degree of Genuineness or Veracity
Degree 1 real / actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed [affirmation contrary to suggestion otherwise]
Degree 2 real / actual / true / genuine; truly, genuinely, really, actually, indeed
Degree 3 apparent / seeming / looks like a; apparently / appears to have / seems to have
Degree 4 suspicious-looking / ”fishy” seeming; presumably /allegedly / gives the appearance of having
Degree 5 ersatz / facsimile; as an equivalent to
Degree 6 substitute / replacement / proxy / fill-in / placeholder; as a substitue or proxy for
Degree 7 fake / pretend / mock; pretend to, fake X-ing
Degree 8 imaginary / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing
Degree 9 imaginary / unreal / made-up ; imagine X-ing, not really X-ing [contrary to suggestion otherwise]

 

-V3rk
SCS
Degree of Success versus Failure
Degree 1 total failure in; completely fail to
Degree 2 failed, would-be; unsuccessfully, fail to
Degree 3 = INEFFECTUAL or INCOMPLETIVE version (see Sec. 5.3)
Degree 4 certain to be a failed / certain to fail in
Degree 5 marginally successful(ly) / barely, hardly [in terms of adequacy or success]
Degree 6 certain to be a successful ; certain to succeed in
Degree 7 = POSITIVE or EFFECTIVE version (see Sec. 5.3)
Degree 8 successful(-ly completed); successfully
Degree 9 overwhelmingly successful(ly)

-V1v
CAP
Degree of Potential or Capability
Degree 1 utterly incapable / completely lacking in all necessary abilities or capacities
Degree 2 underqualified; almost totally lacking in necessary abilities or capacities
Degree 3 lacking in certain key capabilities; mostly inadequate to task
Degree 4 possible but less than likely due to underdeveloped capabilities
Degree 5 unknown if capable or not
Degree 6 somewhat capable / has possible potential to perform
Degree 7 sufficiently capable / adequate potential to perform
Degree 8 fully capable; well within abilities
Degree 9 overly qualified; more capable than necessary or required

 

-V2v *
PRB
Degree of Probability or Likelihood
* This suffix takes a -V3 suffix form to apply its meaning to an adjacent suffix only.
Degree 1 impossible / hopeless / lost cause
Degree 2 almost no chance of / virtually impossible
Degree 3 highly unlikely
Degree 4 unlikely / improbable(ly)
Degree 5 possible; possibly
Degree 6 hopeful(ly)
Degree 7 probable; probably
Degree 8 highly probable / highly likely / certain to be a. . . certain to
Degree 9 forgone conclusion that / in the can / done deal

 

7.4.10 Adverbial Suffixes

-V0
STR
Degree of Physical Strength Possible or Used
Degree 1 barely / hardly / very weak(ly)
Degree 2 weak(ly) / to small degree
Degree 3 soft(ly) / guarded(ly)
Degree 4 measured(ly)
Degree 5 somewhat strong(ly) / somewhat powerful(ly)
Degree 6 adequately strong; with adequate strength
Degree 7 strong(ly) / powerful(ly)
Degree 8 very strong(ly) / very powerful(ly)
Degree 9 with maximum power

-V3
FRC
Degree of Physical Force Exerted
Degree 1 too light(ly) / too soft(ly) / too delicate(ly)
Degree 2 light as a feather/ baby soft; extremely delicately or lightly or softly
Degree 3 light/soft/hardly a; softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly
Degree 4 somewhat on the light or soft side; somewhat softly / lightly / delicately / gingerly
Degree 5 neither soft(ly) nor forceful(ly); with the right touch
Degree 6 somewhat violent(ly) / somewhat forceful(ly)
Degree 7 violent/forceful / rough; violently / with force / roughly
Degree 8 very violent(ly) / very forceful(ly) / very rough(ly)
Degree 9 too violent(ly) / too forceful(ly) / too rough(ly)


-V3sk
ITY
Degree of Speed (i.e., Intensity of Movement or Change)
Degree 1 too slow(ly)
Degree 2 very slow(ly)
Degree 3 slow(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat slow(ly)
Degree 5 at just the right speed or intensity
Degree 6 somewhat fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly)
Degree 7 fast / quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 8 very fast / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 9 too fast / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace

-V0st
SPD
Degree of Speed (i.e., Velocity = Distance Over Time)
Degree 1 too slow(ly)
Degree 2 very slow(ly)
Degree 3 slow(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat slow(ly)
Degree 5 at just the right speed
Degree 6 somewhat fast / somewhat quick(ly) / somewhat rapid(ly)
Degree 7 fast / quick(ly) / rapid(ly); at fast pace
Degree 8 very fast / very quick(ly) / very rapid(ly)/; at fast pace
Degree 9 too fast / too quick(ly) / too rapid(ly); at fast pace

 

-V0lt
CFD
Degree of Forthrightness, Confidence or Humility
Degree 1

too meek(ly) / too submissive(ly) / too obedient(ly) / too docile(ly)

Degree 2 very meek(ly) / very submissive(ly) / very obedient(ly) / very docile(ly)
Degree 3 meek(ly) / submissive(ly) / obedient(ly) / docile(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat meek(ly) / somewhat submissive(ly) / somewhat obedient(ly) / somewhat docile(ly)
Degree 5 properly humble / properly forthright ; with proper degree of humility or forthrightness
Degree 6 somewhat confident(ly) / somewhat strong(ly) / somewhat definite(ly) / somewhat definitive(ly) or authoritative(ly)
Degree 7 confident(ly) /strong(ly) / definite(ly)/ definitive(ly) / authoritative(ly)
Degree 8 very confident(ly) / very strong(ly) / very definite(ly) / very definitive(ly) / very authoritative(ly)
Degree 9 over-confident(ly) / too strong(ly) / too definite(ly) / too definitive(ly) / too authoritative(ly)


-V0đ
EFI
Degree of Efficiency or Efficacy
Degree 1 destructively wasteful / disastrous(ly) / accomplishing the opposite of intention / making things worse
Degree 2 very wasteful / accomplishing nothing / making a mess of it
Degree 3 wasteful / accomplishing little
Degree 4 somewhat wasteful / accomplishing somewhat less than expected
Degree 5 adequate(ly) [in terms of efficiency]
Degree 6 rather efficient(ly) / fairly efficient(ly) / accomplishing somewhat more than expected
Degree 7 efficient(ly) / with little or no waste(d effort)
Degree 8 extremely efficient(ly) / with no waste(d effort) whatsoever
Degree 9 a synergy of… / sum beyond total of parts / a synergistic composite of ; to X synergistically

-V3rw/gž
ERR
Degree of Correctness versus Error
Degree 1 totally wrong / totally mis- or mal-; totally in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)
Degree 2 wrong/incorrect(ly) / mis- / mal- ; in error / erroneous(ly) / incorrect(ly)
Degree 3 fairly wrong / fairly incorrect(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat wrong / more wrong than right
Degree 5 so-so; barely adequate(ly) / barely correct(ly)
Degree 6 somewhat right / more right than wrong
Degree 7 fairly right / fairly correct(ly)
Degree 8 right / correctly
Degree 9 totally right / totally correct(ly) / totally well-X’d

-V0ç
MAT
Degree of Maturation
Degree 1 undeveloped / immature(ly) / seed / embryo
Degree 2 under-developed / newborn [stage, not age] / seedling / baby
Degree 3 growing / budding / youthful / young
Degree 4 maturing / developing / getting stronger or bigger or more complex or sophisticated
Degree 5 fully developed / fully mature(d) / robust / ripe
Degree 6 overly developed / overripe / showing signs of wear and tear / stressed / under stress / fatigued
Degree 7 declining/fading; trail off/fade / getting softer or weaker / faded / decrepit / has-been / past one’s prime
Degree 8 disintegrating / utterly deteriorated / beyond repair or rehabilitation / irreparable / dying
Degree 9 dead / defunct / disintegrated

 

-V0ňz
SBT
Degree of Subtlety
Degree 1 too subtle(ly)
Degree 2 very subtle(ly)
Degree 3 subtle(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat subtle(ly)
Degree 5 somewhat unsubtle(ly)
Degree 6 unsubtle(ly) / lumbering(ly) rather obvious/ fairly blatant / belabored ; belabor / lumber along X-ing
Degree 7 obvious(ly) / blatant(ly) / exaggerated(ly)
Degree 8 very obvious(ly) / very blatant(ly)
Degree 9 over-the-top / in-your-face / to obvious(ly) / too blatant(ly)

 

-V1
DRC
Degree of Directness
Degree 1 too indirect(ly)
Degree 2 very indirect(ly)
Degree 3 indirect(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat indirect(ly)
Degree 5 somewhat direct(ly)
Degree 6 fairly direct(ly) / rather direct(ly)
Degree 7 direct(ly) / straightforward
Degree 8 very direct(ly) / very straightforward
Degree 9 too direct(ly) / painfully straightforward

-V0
SUD
Degree of Suddenness
Degree 1 too slow(ly) in happening, too long in X-ing, overdue, delayed
Degree 2 very slow(ly) in happening or developing
Degree 3 slow(ly) ; long in developing or happening
Degree 4 somewhat slow(ly) ; somewhat long in developing or happening
Degree 5 taking just the right amount of time to develop or occur
Degree 6 somewhat immediate / somewhat sudden; somewhat imediately / somewhat suddenly
Degree 7 immediate / sudden; imediately / suddenly
Degree 8 very immediate / very sudden; very imediately / very suddenly
Degree 9 too immediate / too sudden; too imediately / too suddenly

 

-V0
PCN
Degree of Care, Precision or Scrutiny
Degree 1 utterly sloppy(ily) / totally careless(ly)
Degree 2 very sloppy(ily) / very careless(ly)
Degree 3 sloppy(ily) / careless(ly) / with poor attention to detail
Degree 4 somewhat sloppy(ily) / somewhat careless(ly)
Degree 5 less than careful(ly) / with only some degree of care
Degree 6 somewhat careful(ly) / fairly precise(ly)
Degree 7 precise(ly) / careful(ly) / detailed
Degree 8 extremely precise(ly) / with great care or precision or scrutiny / meticulous(ly)
Degree 9 overly precise(ly) / ‘nit-picky’ / with too much scrutiny / overly meticulous(ly)

 

-V2
CNC
Degree of Concern or Consideration
Degree 1 …the hell…! / what the hell . . . / . . . who cares
Degree 2 self-centered(ly) / without thought or concern for others
Degree 3 at the very least / at the least level of concern required
Degree 4 without concern / indifferent(ly) / without consideration / unconcerned(ly) / thoughtless(ly)
Degree 5 reluctant(ly)
Degree 6 at best / with the most concern one can muster
Degree 7 concerned(ly) / with concern / with consideration for others
Degree 8 very concerned(ly) / highly concerned(ly) / with great concern or consideration for others
Degree 9 overly concerned(ly) / worrisome(ly) / with too much concern or consideration for others / altruistically

-V0lk
SPH
Degree of Sophistication
Degree 1 too crude(ly) / too primitive(ly)
Degree 2 very crude(ly) / very primitive(ly)
Degree 3 crude(ly) / primitive(ly)
Degree 4 somewhat crude(ly) / somewhat primitive(ly)
Degree 5 with expected/normal degree or level of sophistication
Degree 6 somewhat sophisticated or refined
Degree 7 sophisticated or refined
Degree 8 very sophisticated or refined
Degree 9 too sophisticated or refined

-V0çt
CVT
Degree of Covertness versus Overtness
Degree 1 too secretive(ly) / overly covert(ly)
Degree 2 very secretive(ly) / highly covert(ly) / hidden / well behind the scenes
Degree 3 secretive(ly) / covert(ly) / behind the scenes / between the lines / under the table / “back-room”
Degree 4 somewhat secretive(ly) / somewhat covert(ly)
Degree 5 not too secretive(ly) / not so open(ly)
Degree 6 somewhat open(ly) / somewhat “up front”
Degree 7 open(ly) / overt(ly) / “up front” / out in the open / honest / forthcoming(ly)
Degree 8 very open(ly) / very overt(ly) / very “up front” / flaunting(ly) / brutally honest
Degree 9 too open(ly) / too overt(ly) / overly flaunting(ly) / vulgar(ly)

 

-V0lp
EFT
Degree of Effort
Degree 1 too difficult / overly difficult
Degree 2 very difficult / so difficult
Degree 3 strained / difficult; strain to / with difficulty / struggle to / to work at X-ing / to X hard
Degree 4 somewhat difficult / not that easy
Degree 5 neither easy nor difficult
Degree 6 somewhat easy; not so difficult
Degree 7 easy / certain / unhindered / with ease / without resistance / effortlessly
Degree 8 very easy / so easy
Degree 9 too easy / overly easy

-V0pw/ňž
DSG
Degree of Design or Purposefulness
Degree 1 purposeless(ly) /random(ly) / utterly unorganized / chaotic(ally)
Degree 2 haphazard(ly) / without plan or guidance/ disorganized(ly) / poorly planned
Degree 3 fairly haphazard(ly) / not well-planned / not well-organized
Degree 4 somewhat haphazard(ly) / somewhat disorganized
Degree 5 slightly disorganized / less than well-planned
Degree 6 somewhat organized / somewhat well-planned
Degree 7 organized(ly) / purposeful(ly) / well-planned
Degree 8 very organized / very structured
Degree 9 too organized / overly structured / “anal(ly)”

 

-V3
DCS
Degree of Decisiveness, Commitment or Emphasis
Degree 1 indecisive / meandering; indecisively / first one way then another
Degree 2 wishy washy / flaky
Degree 3 some sort of / some kind of / sort of (like) / ”kind of”; in a way / halfway / does and doesn’t
Degree 4 apparent(ly); seeming(ly)
Degree 5 mere(ly) / only (a); merely / only
Degree 6 deliberate / decisive; deliberately / decisively / purposefully
Degree 7 a real / certainly a ; really / certainly [emphasis, not genuineness or veracity]
Degree 8 the (one); in the only way that counts
Degree 9 what (a) ...!; how . . .! ; Boy! Did (does) X ever …

 

-V3št
CTN
Degree of Contrariness to Expectation(s) or Shift in Subject
Degree 1 but X would… / if things were otherwise X WOULD… / on the contrary, X WOULD [affirmation of hypothetical contrary to statement/suggestion otherwise
Degree 2 but / X DOES/IS . . . / on the contrary … [affirmation of fact contrary to suggestion or statement otherwise]
Degree 3 like it or not…/ well, as much as we didn’t want to think it would happen...
Degree 4 against expectation or belief ‘… after all’ ‘well, what do you know…X!’
Degree 5 a genuine / real / true ; really do, [contrary to expectation]
Degree 6 as a matter of fact
Degree 7 ‘at least/at any rate’
Degree 8 ‘by the way/ just to mention’
Degree 9 not to change the subject but…/ sorry to change the subject, but…/ I don’t mean to change the subject, but…

 

-V3rt
PHY
Degree of Physical Control
Degree 1 uncontrolled/helpless(ly) ; without control/ out of control
Degree 2 almost completely out of control / almost totally helpless
Degree 3 losing control / losing the ability to…
Degree 4 insufficiently trained in...
Degree 5 amateur(ishly) / superficially able to…
Degree 6 learn(ing) to… / begin(ning) to be able to…
Degree 7 w/ growing proficiency or expertise (in)
Degree 8 proficient(ly)
Degree 9 in full control / expert(ly)

7.4.11 Modality Suffixes

Many of these correspond to the modality suffixes used in valence/modality adjuncts (see Chapter 6). The nine degrees associated with each suffix allow a speaker control over the extent to which the modality category should apply to the utterance. These suffix forms function, then, as an alternative to adjunct forms for greater nuance in the applicability of the modality category and to apply them to nouns. The nine degrees of each suffix are as follows:

Degree 1 not at all
Degree 2 to too little a degree; to an insufficient degree
Degree 3 hardly at all
Degree 4 to a small degree
Degree 5 to a fair degree/somewhat
Degree 6 fairly much/more so than not
Degree 7 very much so / decidedly so / to a great degree
Degree 8 too much so / to too great a degree
Degree 9 to the exclusion of all else / without consideration for anything else

The specific modality suffixes are as follows:

-V3bb
resigned to
-V3dd   devoted; committed to / devoted to
-V3čč   desired / sought-after; want to
-V3ŧŧ   attempted, attempt at a …; try to, attempt to
-V3çç   capable, able; can / able to / capable of
-V3cc   knowledgeable; can = know how to / familiar with
-V3ff   mandatory; must / have to
-V3xx   required; should / be to
-V3by   expected; be supposed to
-V3hh   intended; mean to / intend to / shall
-V3gg   chosen, selected; choose to / elect to
-V3   …on impulse; feel like X-ing
-V3dy   promised; promise to
-V3dw   well-liked; like (to)
-V3bw   feared; fear (to)
-V3hs   willing; willing to
-V3vw   prepared / ready; prepared to/ready to
-V3mf   necessary / needed; need to
-V3ňx   Daring; dare to
-V3fy   decided-upon; decide to
-V3pf   offered/offer of; offer to
-V3mb   aided / assisted; help to / aid in X-ing
-V3hk   not unexpected; be prone to / be apt to / tend to
-V3rm   agreed-upon; agree to
-V3   responsible for/in charge of
-V3rp   remember to
-V3ŧy   feel a need to / feel one should / feel one must / feel driven to
-V3ŧw   to guess or think [that]…
-V3   available; available to/for
-V3kk   potential; can = have potential to
-V3tt   permitted; can = permitted to
-V3fw   hoped-for; hope/wish to
-V3pp   X by inclination; be inclined to

7.4.12 Agential/Participant Suffixes

-V0n
AGC
Degree of Agency
Degree 1 [AGENT] = one who forces/causes
Degree 2 [ENABLER] = one who enables to happen
Degree 3 [INFLUENCE] = one who persuades/influences
Degree 4 ENABLER BY PERMISSION] = one who permits/allows/lets happen
Degree 5 [PATIENT] = one who does/is made to do
Degree 6 [EXPERIENCER] = one who undergoes/experiences
Degree 7 [INSTRUMENT] = instrument which causes
Degree 8 [STIMULUS] = one whose status is as stimulus of affective experience
Degree 9 [SOURCE] = that which gives rise to, provides underlying reason for, source of

This suffix and the following identify a formative as filling a specific semantic role corresponding in many cases to the semantic roles discussed in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. In several instances, these suffixes would translate the English “agentive” suffixes -er, or -or.

 

-V0m
ROL
Role
Degree 1 that which contains or functions as the enclosure / container / house / shelter of or for
Degree 2 that which results from
Degree 3 [RECIPIENT] = one who receives / has / "-ee"
Degree 4 one who is / acts as / functions as
Degree 5 one who is characterized by / described by...
Degree 6 one who is similar to/functions or acts similarly to
Degree 7 one whose responsibility is / who is responsible for / runs the business of (operationally speaking)
Degree 8 one who constructs / makes / creates
Degree 9 one who manages / oversees / supervises / coordinates / runs the business of (managerially speaking)

 

-V0
UTE
Utilitative or Enabling Means
Degree 1

tool/device/apparatus specifically designed for X-ing

Degree 2 medium by/through which one X’s
Degree 3 conduit-like tool/apparatus for X-ing
Degree 4 natural/standard body part for X-ing
Degree 5 object employed circumstantially as implement for X-ing
Degree 6 covering/protective element employed to allow/permit X-ing
Degree 7 enabling element/device/apparatus to allow/foster X-ing
Degree 8 environment/situaton/circumstances/setting which allows/fosters X-ing
Degree 9 FORCE which causes/permits X-ing

 

-V0ž
CNS
Degree of Consent
Degree 1 deliberately without consent of knowledge
Degree 2 without consent or knowledge as a precaution or “for their own good”
Degree 3 without consent or knowledge due to circumstances
Degree 4 with their knowledge but w/o consent; against their will
Degree 5 consent obtained under pressure, threat, coercion
Degree 6 w/ reluctant consent
Degree 7 willingly; with full consent
Degree 8 with enthusiastic approval and support
Degree 9 at their request

 

-V0t
MEC
Type of Mechanical Instrumentality = ‘by means of’
Degree 1 the body’s natural method of doing so (e.g., on foot, by hand, etc.)
Degree 2 a manually manipulated generic tool or implement
Degree 3 a specialized tool for that specific purpose or activity
Degree 4 a machine or via mechanical means or process
Degree 5 a virtual, electronic means or via engineering
Degree 6 mental power, force of will, concentration
Degree 7 a redirection or collation of energy specially applied
Degree 8 a collective pooling of manual labor resources
Degree 9 a collective pooling of electronic/mechanical/engineering resources

 

-V0rx
BOD
Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’
Degree 1

a hand

Degree 2 an arm
Degree 3 a foot
Degree 4 a leg
Degree 5 one’s eyes
Degree 6 both legs
Degree 7 both feet
Degree 8 both arms
Degree 9 both hands

 

-V0mp
DBI
Additional Bodily Instrumentality = ‘by means of’
Degree 1

a finger

Degree 2 a thumb
Degree 3 a knee
Degree 4 one’s head
Degree 5 one’s teeth
Degree 6 one’s lips
Degree 7 one’s tongue
Degree 8 one’s elbow
Degree 9 one’s fingers

 

-V0çw/bž
SOC
Type of Social Instrumentality = ‘by means of’
Degree 1 via lackeys, grunt labor, go-fors or henchmen
Degree 2 by coercion, threat, blackmail
Degree 3 “fronts”, or disguised go-betweens
Degree 4 indirectly through actions of others (unbeknownst to them)
Degree 5 indirectly through actions of others (with their knowledge)
Degree 6 by leveraging existing resources / personnel (deploying existing methods in a new application)
Degree 7 via a proxy or proxies
Degree 8 hired help or staff
Degree 9 by delegation of task to experts

-V0šš
RSN
Reason for an Emotional State or Motivation for an Action
Degree 1 for evil or perverse reasons
Degree 2 for foolish or naïve reason
Degree 3 due to deception by another
Degree 4 due to faulty information provided by another [no deception intended]
Degree 5 due to or based on faulty perception or misinterpretation of information or evidence
Degree 6 despite negative circumstances or reasons not to
Degree 7 for no reason
Degree 8 for appropriate reasons / for good reason
Degree 9 for virtuous, healthy reasons

 

-V0ps
MTA
Additional Motivation for an Action or State
Degree 1 in anger
Degree 2 in repugnance/revulsion
Degree 3 in irritation
Degree 4 in defense/for protection
Degree 5 in fear
Degree 6 out of curiosity/to see what happens
Degree 7 to provoke/illicit reaction
Degree 8 to entice
Degree 9 to show appreciation

 

-V0ňt
XPT
Expectation of Outcome
Degree 1 shockingly unexpected; without precedent or rumour
Degree 2 surprise X / unexpected X; completely by surprise/ completely unexpected(ly)
Degree 3 manage to X despite inadequacy of preparation or effort
Degree 4 manage to X despite misguided or misdirected preparation or effort
Degree 5 managed to X despite hindrance(s) or obstacles; hard-won
Degree 6 manage to X due to hindrances or obstacles being overestimated; easier than thought to be
Degree 7 manage to X due to excellent preparation / planning / execution
Degree 8 completely as expected / totally as anticipated / as predicted
Degree 9 pat; outcome pre-ordained or predetermined

 

-V3rn
DLB
Degree of Deliberateness/Agency
Degree 1 accidental(ly) / inadvertent(ly) and unaware of consequences
Degree 2 unintended / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to and unaware of consequences
Degree 3 accidental(ly) / inadvertent(ly) but now aware of consequences
Degree 4 unintended / unintentional(ly) / without meaning to but now aware of consequences
Degree 5 unforseeable / unpredictable; unforeseeably / unpredictably
Degree 6 without realizing or considering potential consequences
Degree 7 thinking one can get away without reaping consequences / furtive(ly)
Degree 8 realizing potential risks or consequences / cognizant of potential risks or consequences
Degree 9 intentional(ly) / deliberate(ly) / on purpose / by choice; choose to

 

-V0mz
MOT
Degree of Self-Conscious Deliberation or Motivation
Degree 1 affected, ostentatious; affectedly/ostentatiously
Degree 2 self-conscious(ly)
Degree 3 guilty / guiltily
Degree 4 half-hearted(ly)
Degree 5 against better judgement / can’t help but / can’t help it
Degree 6 ingrained, by upbringing
Degree 7 learned / habitual; by habit / trained to
Degree 8 natural(ly) / un-self-conscious(ly)
Degree 9 autonomic / unaware, automatic

-V11ls
ENB
Degree of Enablement
Degree 1 by inadvertent gesture/word/sign taken as order or permission
Degree 2 by granting of permission
Degree 3 by cajoling or persuasion
Degree 4 by direct request or imploring
Degree 5 by direct order based on one’s real or perceived authority
Degree 6 by inadvertent removal of hindrance
Degree 7 by inadvertent action that initiates a chain of events
Degree 8 by deliberate removal of hindrance
Degree 9 by deliberate action that initiates a chain of events

 

-V0ms
AGN
Degree of Agency, Intent or Effectiveness
Degree 1 with the anticipated max. resulting effect possible
Degree 2 with the anticipated resulting effect to a high degree
Degree 3 with the anticipated resulting effect to a moderate degree
Degree 4 with the anticipated resulting effect but only to a marginal, superficial or baredly noticable degree
Degree 5 with no noticeable effect or resulting change
Degree 6 with only marginal, superficial, or barely noticeable effect or resulting change unanticipated
Degree 7 with moderate effect or resulting change — unanticipated
Degree 8 with the resulting effect to a high degree — unanticipated
Degree 9 with the max. resulting effect possible — unanticipated

 

-V21rz
IMP
Degree of Impact on Patient/Target or Enablement of Outcome
Degree 1 target can do nothing - utterly inevitable
Degree 2 target chooses to do nothing - resigned to fate
Degree 3 target tries to prevent/avoid but fails
Degree 4 target tries to prevent/avoid and does so partially or mitigates impact somewhat
Degree 5 target tries to prevent/avoid and succeeds
Degree 6 target helps/enables outcome inadvertently
Degree 7 target helps/enables outcome against own interest (i.e., without thinking)
Degree 8 target helps/enables outcome intentionally despite negative consequences
Degree 9 target helps/enables outcome intentionally for own benefit

 

7.4.13 Miscellaneous Suffixes

-V1_’/kw
TPF
Topic, Frame and Focus
Degree 1 [sentence topic]
Degree 2 [end of frame]
Degree 3 [head of relative clause]
Degree 4 [sentence topic + head of relative clause]
Degree 5 [end of frame + head of relative clause]
Degree 6 [sentence topic + end of frame]
Degree 7 [sentence focus + end of frame + head of rel. clause]
Degree 8 [sentence focus]
Degree 9 [sentence focus + end of frame]

The various functions of the above suffix are explained in Sec. 5.2 on Frames, and Sec. 9.1 on Topic and Focus.

 

-V2_’/kw
SWR
Switch Reference & Obviative Specification (For an explanation and illustration of this suffix, see Sec. 8.1.1.7 and Sec. 8.1.4)
Degree 1 nearest preceding referent
Degree 2 2nd to nearest preceding referent
Degree 3 3rd party not previously mentioned
Degree 4 referring to sentence focus
Degree 5 first referent mentioned
Degree 6 referring to sentence topic
Degree 7 3rd party non-transrelative referent
Degree 8 2nd order transrelative referent
Degree 9 higher order transrelative referent

-V0s
PLA
Place, State, Setting Where…
Degree 1 place where one learns to
Degree 2 place where one does, performs, carries out X
Degree 3 place where one obtains
Degree 4 place where one stores or inventories
Degree 5 place where one keeps or shelters
Degree 6 place where one sees or views
Degree 7 natural habitat or environment of
Degree 8 place where one deals with/ treats/ confronts
Degree 9 place where one feels affected by

-V1mm
APT
Aspects
Degree 1 yet, still
Degree 2 ‘even’ as in “I don’t even like them” = in the least bit, to the slightest extent
Degree 3 Contemplative: upon reflection/ in hindsight
Degree 4 upon deep introspection / following careful consideration or meditation on the matter
Degree 5 on first blush / at first / upon initial impression / [my] first thought is/was…
Degree 6 natural(ly) / obvious(ly) / clear(ly) [in terms of naturalness, not blatancy]
Degree 7 Experiential: ever
Degree 8 Regressive: return to previous state
Degree 9 Protractive: over a long period of time / long-delayed

 

-V2mm
TEM
Alternative Temporal Aspects
Degree 1 Inceptive: begin to / start to
Degree 2 Resumptive: begin again / start again / resume
Degree 3 Continuative: keep on / still / continue / stay / yet
Degree 4 Incessative: to X away / not stop
Degree 5 tire of X-ing / get tired of X-ing / become weary of X-ing
Degree 6 Cessative: stop / discontinue / cease
Degree 7 Pausal: take a break from [stop with intention to re-sume]
Degree 8 Recessative: stop again
Degree 9 Terminative: finish / complete

 

-V0rs
PTF
Part/Whole Functional Metaphors
Degree 1 engine / motor / heart / pump / core / driver mechanism
Degree 2 brain / computer / chip / instruction set
Degree 3 input / feeder / access point
Degree 4 exit point / anus / exhaust / tailpipe / smokestack / vent
Degree 5 wing/ arm / branch / extensor / manipulator
Degree 6 support / leg / stand / base
Degree 7 skeleton / frame
Degree 8 wiring / conduits / plumbing
Degree 9 sensor / eye / ear / antennae

 

-V0š
PTG
Part/Whole Gestalt Componential Metaphors
Degree 1 “base”portion (e.g., upper arm)
Degree 2 “extension” portion (e.g., forearm) or “flange”
Degree 3 “trunk” or central bulk portion
Degree 4 middle or divisional segment or joint
Degree 5 top/upper component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement
Degree 6 bottom/lower component relative to gravity or natural vector of movement
Degree 7 side/flank/ lateral component
Degree 8 “head” extension or main interface area
Degree 9 extension/”arm”

-V0py/rž
MET
Metonymic Categories
Degree 1 part for whole
Degree 2 producer for product
Degree 3 object used or owned for user/owner
Degree 4 controller for controlled
Degree 5 institution for people responsible
Degree 6 place for inhabitants/occupants
Degree 7 place for event
Degree 8 place for institution
Degree 9 attribute or characteristic for owner

Metonymy is the reference to an entity via one of its attributes, associations or activities, as in The ham-and-cheese wants fries with his order or The White House has its nose in our business.

-V1k
SSD
Stem-Specific Derivatives
Degree 1 derivative 1
Degree 2 derivative 2
Degree 3 derivative 3
Degree 4 derivative 4
Degree 5 derivative 5
Degree 6 derivative 6
Degree 7 derivative 7
Degree 8 derivative 8
Degree 9 derivative 9

This suffix is used to distinguish particular instantiations of a more generic entity; their meaning is semantically specific to the particular stem.

-V2k
SBS
Subset of Configurative Set
Degree 1 single specific member (random, i.e., any given member)
Degree 2 natural first level subset, e.g., a cell among a network, a clique within a club, a row of an orchard
Degree 3 natural 2nd level subset, e.g., a section of a network, a subcommittee within a club, a section of an orchard
Degree 4 complex natural system or pattern within a set (e.g., the circulatory system, the heating system)
Degree 5 subset of set (unknown if natural or select subconfiguration)
Degree 6 complex/circumstantial select pattern/arrangement within a set (e.g., the parts/things of a house damaged by fire)
Degree 7 2nd level subset (externally determined), e.g., select section of trees of an orchard
Degree 8 first level subset (externally determined), e.g., select rocks from a pile, select trees of an orchard
Degree 9 single select member (externally determined)

 

-V1rd
ATN
Degree of Attention or Determination
Degree 1 concentrate fully upon; pay utmost attention to
Degree 2 concentrate to point of distraction, to be ‘lost’ in X-ing
Degree 3 pay strict attention to
Degree 4 determined to
Degree 5 pay attention to; attend to; be careful that you…; heed
Degree 6 keep an eye on
Degree 7 take some notice of
Degree 8 barely notice; take little notice of
Degree 9 ignore completely

-V1šk
DPR
Dispersion or Separability of a Configurative Set
Degree 1 in total contact / contiguous mass of; pile, “ball of…”
Degree 2 non-contiguous but closely connected, interlinked, each linked to adjacent via connecting medium (like web); cluster
Degree 3 connected via intervening central medium (like a vine or branches); bunch
Degree 4 not physically connected but with immediate accessibility and knowledge of other member actions
Degree 5 scattered - contact with nearest member possible but less possible with others
Degree 6 “virtual” association only
Degree 7 temporal (iterative) set – iteration at long intervals
Degree 8 temporal (iterative) set – iteration at frequent intervals
Degree 9 temporal (iterative) set – iteration at very short, immediate intervals / one after another

 

-V1nd
SEP
Spatio-Temporal Separability of a Configurative Set
Degree 1

Logical connectedness only (spatial)

Degree 2 Loosely integrated spatially – one positioned far away from another
Degree 3 Loosely integrated spatially – one positioned a little ways away from another
Degree 4 Well-integrated spatially – one positioned right next to or behind another
Degree 5 Both spatially and temporally well-integrated (one right after another)
Degree 6 Well-integrated temporally – one right after the other
Degree 7 Loosely integrated temporally – one a little while after the other
Degree 8 Loosely integrated temporally – one a long while after the other
Degree 9 Logical connectedness only (temporal)

 

-V0ňk
SDP
Subset of Duplex Set
Degree 1 first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., upper lip, inhale/inhalation, left hand)
Degree 2 beginning or leading “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 3 middle section of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 4 ending or trailing “edge” of the first, top, front, lefthand or lead “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 5 midpoint, peak, or lull between the 2 halves of a duplex set or pair
Degree 6 beginning or leading “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 7 middle section of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 8 ending or trailing “edge” of 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of a duplex event or object
Degree 9 2nd, bottom, back, righthand or trailing “half” of duplex set or pair (e.g., lower lip, exhale/exhalation, right hand)

 

-V0xt
NEW
Degree of Newness/Revision
Degree 1 new = original + new, i.e., never before seen
Degree 2 new = never before seen within current context, e.g., a new student
Degree 3 new = role, i.e., never functioning/existing in this capacity/manner before
Degree 4 new/other = replacement + new
Degree 5 new/other = additional instance + new
Degree 6 new/other = revision + additional
Degree 7 new/other = revision + replacement
Degree 8 new/other/different = different, not seen/used before within current context; status as addition/replacement unknown
Degree 9 new/other/different = different + new; status as addition/replacement unknown

 

-V0ks
COS
Comparison Specifications (Used with Levels ) - see Sections 5.8 and 5.8.5
Degree 1 “more”/“less” = extent/amount/volume
Degree 2 “harder”/“weaker” = degree of intensity or effort
Degree 3 “longer”/“shorter” = duration; time spent being/doing
Degree 4 “better”/“worse” = quality / style
Degree 5 “more efficiently”/“less efficiently” = efficiency / effort relative to outcome
Degree 6 “greater”/“poorer” = relevant outcome / bottom-line result
Degree 7 combo of 4, 5, and 6
Degree 8 combo of 1, 2, and 3
Degree 9 combo of 1 through 6

 

-V0 tw/tç
XXX
Spread/wake/trail/area/expanse created by passage of entity
Degree 1 quasi-linear “trail” or wake left behind on path of linear movement; trail or wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., slime trail left by snail, footprints left on snow, mowed down foliage left by moving convoy, etc.)
Degree 2 quasi-linear spread of entity stretching behind linearly moving “head” (e.g., a line of soldiers put in place to create a front, a line left on a piece of paper as written by an ink pen, path of a ball of string or skein of yarn as it unravels while rolling down an incline)
Degree 3 quasi-linear trail/wake/spread left behind passage as line of demarcation/boundary/barrier
Degree 4 2-d quasi-planar wake left behind on path of movement; wake is not composed of the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., aftermath of a forest fire, cleaned area of dirty floor or wall after it has been wiped by a mop or dustcloth)
Degree 5 2-d quasi-planar spread stretching behind moving front (e.g., area of spreading flames in a forest fire, area being inundated by a flood, area of a wall being covered up by plaster by workmen, coating of an apple dipped in chocolate, area of floor covered up by a rug)
Degree 6 2-d quasi-planar wake/spread left behind passage as area of demarcation/zone/restricted area
Degree 7 3-d volume left behind a moving front; volume is not composed of or inundated with the moving entity itself but shows effect of its passage (e.g., area left behind the passage of a tidal wave, column of superheated air left behind the passage of a rocket
Degree 8 3-d volume inundated by spread of moving front (e.g., spread of a gas within a room, area inundated by fog, volume of a container taken up by substance placed/poured/stuffed into it)
Degree 9 3-d volume left behind passage of moving front as volume/spatial area of demarcation/zone/restricted space

The above affix distinguishes movement of an entity from the “trail” or spread left behind, e.g., movement which leaves behind a wake or affected area; used with motion roots as well as roots designating shapes/forms. Use of the above suffixes in conjunction with the various roots pertaining to paths of translative movement allows for very nuanced translations of English words such as surround, cover, inundate, enclose, expand, spread out, encompass, etc.

 

-V0 gw/vž
XXX
Degree of Shift/Change/Transition (used for both spatial and temporal contexts)
Degree 1 sharp break, sudden shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another with no discernible transition period/zone (i.e., point-like/instantaneous transition)
Degree 2 disjointed/non-contiguous/non-continuous break/shift from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 3 extremely brief/small/barely discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 4 somewhat brief/small/discernible transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 5 normal/standard/expected transition period or zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 6 somewhat variable/changing/fluctuating transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 7 highly variable/chaotic transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 8 smooth, gradual transition period/zone from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another
Degree 9 very gradual/almost imperceptible rate/degree of change/transition from one state/form/shape/set of circumstances to another

 

-V0 rj
NNN
n-numbered angles/facets/faces/sides/points/forms
Degree 1 uneven /assymmetrical n–sided 2-D obtusely angled form (e.g., quadrilateral, pentagonoid, hexagonoid
Degree 2 uneven/assymetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation
Degree 3 uneven/assymetrical n-faceted 3-D solid
Degree 4 uneven/assymmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., n-hedron-like solid)
Degree 5 having n number of 3-D projections/spikes/pointed surfaces
Degree 6 symmetrical n-faced 3-D solid (e.g., tetrahedron, dodecahedron)
Degree 7 symetrical n-faceted 3-D solid
Degree 8 symetrical n-pointed 2-D acutely angled “star” formation (can be used with numbers as low as 2, which would refer to an elongated diamond shape)
Degree 9 symmetrical n–sided 2-D form (e.g., square, pentagon, hexagon)

The above affix is used with the number stems (see Chapter 12) to provide words for forms, shapes, and solids bearing a distinct number of angles, points, sides, facets, etc.



7.4.14 Locational Suffixes

-V0
LCT
Locational Quadrant Markers for Object Being Located (These suffixes will be explained and illustrated in Chapter 10.)
Degree 1 +X / +Y / +Z = “right / ahead / above” = Quadrant 1
Degree 2 +X / +Y / -Z = “right / ahead / below” = Quadrant 2
Degree 3 +X / -Y / +Z = “right / behind / above” = Quadrant 3
Degree 4 +X / -Y / -Z = “right / behind / below” = Quadrant 4
Degree 5 object at rest relative to other object
Degree 6 -X / +Y / +Z = “left / ahead / above” = Quadrant 5
Degree 7 -X / +Y / -Z = “left / ahead / below” = Quadrant 6
Degree 8 -X / -Y / +Z = “left / behind / above” = Quadrant 7
Degree 9 -X / -Y / -Z = “left / behind / below” = Quadrant 8

 

-V0bz
PRX
Degree of Proximity
Degree 1 too close
Degree 2 as close as possible without contact
Degree 3 very close to
Degree 4 close to
Degree 5 somewhat close to
Degree 6 not very close to / somewhat far from
Degree 7 far from / distant from
Degree 8 far away / very far from
Degree 9 too far away

 

-V0ry/rv
CTC
Degree of Contact
Degree 1 melded with / blended with / fused
Degree 2 inseparable(ly) / locked together / bonded
Degree 3 linked / attached / connected / joined
Degree 4 touching intimately / touching all over / in close contact with
Degree 5 deliberately touching at several spots or places or over a fair area
Degree 6 deliberately touching at one spot or place
Degree 7 casually or incidentally touching at several spots or places or over a fair area
Degree 8 casually or incidentally touching at one spot or place
Degree 9 barely touching / hardly touching at all / touching at one small spot

 

 

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Home 4 Case Morphology 9 Syntax
Introduction 5 Verb Morphology 10 Lexico-Semantics
1 Phonology 6 More Verb Morphology. 11 The Writing System
2 Morpho-Phonology 7 Suffixes 12 The Number System
3 Basic Morphology 8 Adjuncts The Lexicon
     

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